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1、cover AFewKindWordsforSuperstition Unit5 新世纪高等院校英语专业本科系列教材 修订版 综合教程第六册 第2版 电子教案 上海外语教育出版社南京信息工程大学刘杰海 Contentspage Contents LearningObjectivesPre readingActivitiesGlobalReadingDetailedReadingConsolidationActivitiesFurtherEnhancement objectives LearningObjectives Rhetoricalskill clarificationwithanecd

2、otesandexamplesKeylanguage grammarpointsWritingstrategies classificationanddivisionTheme superstitionfromdifferentperspectives Pre R pictureactivation What syoursign Anddoyoubelieveinhoroscope PictureActivation Pre questions Pre R pre questions 1 1 Peoplearemoreorlesssuperstitious Forexample weChine

3、seallthinkthatthenumbers six and eight canbringgoodluck while four and thirteen areunfavourednumbers What syourfavouritenumber Whydoyoulikeit PictureActivation Pre questions Openfordiscussion Pre R pre questions 2 2 It swellknownthatdifferentcolourshavequitedifferentconnotationsindifferentcultures F

4、orexample yellow inChineseisassociatedwithpornography whileinmostEnglish speakingcountriesitconnotescowardice Canyougivesomeotherexamplesofthiskind PictureActivation Pre questions Openfordiscussion G R textintroduction Thetextisdevelopedbymeansoftheauthor sclassificationofthefourtypesofsuperstition

5、andhisexplanationofitshistory popularityandcharacteristics andthereasonsforpeople sfascinationwithit Daviesusesavarietyofexamplesineveryparagraph withtheexceptionofthefirsttwoparagraphs todevelopthetext Theseexamplesincludeanecdotes factsandpersonalexperiences Inmanyoftheseexampleswenoticethewords a

6、deeplylearnedprofessor anotherlearnedprofessor Dr SamuelJohnson agoodscientist Allthishelpstobuildtheimpressionthatsuperstitionisnotonlyforthenaiveandignorantbutitisalso aliveandflourishingamongthepeoplewhoareindisputablyrationalandlearned TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN transc

7、endentalmeditation 1 transcendentalmeditation Paragraph1 Transcendentalmeditation 超脱禅定法 isatechniqueofmeditationderivedfromHindutraditionsthatcalmsthemindandpromotesdeeprelaxationthroughtheuseofamantra 符咒 asacredverbalformularepeatedinprayer meditation orincantation 符咒 咒语 suchasaninvocation 祈祷 ofago

8、d amagicspell orasyllableorportionofscripturecontainingmysticalpotentialities TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN transcendentalmeditation 2 Transcendentalmeditationisuniqueandfundamentallydifferentfromanyothersystemsofmeditationandrelaxation Over5millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavelea

9、rnedthetechniquesinceitwasfoundedbyMaharishiMaheshYogiin1957 TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN enlightment enlightenment Paragraph1 InHinduismandBuddhism enlightenmentisthehighestspiritualstatethatcanbeachieved Itisablessedstateinwhichtheindividualtranscendsdesireandsufferinganda

10、ttainsNirvana theineffableultimateinwhichonehasattaineddisinterestedwisdomandcompassion TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN VainObservances VainObservances Paragraph3 Anobservanceisanactperformedforreligiousorceremonialreasons Here vain roughlymeans proud Notwalkingunderaladderisav

11、ainobservancebecausepeoplebelievethattheyshouldnotbehumbleinfrontoftheDevil TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN IChing IChing Paragraph4 TheIChing orBookofChanges 易经 isanancientChinesedivinationmanualandbookofwisdomthatoffersslightlyambiguousadviceonhowtoact Especiallysincethe1960s

12、 itspoetictextandextraordinarysymbolism tosaynothingofitsstrangeeffectivenessindivination havegaineditafollowingintheWest TheIChingwastraditionallyheldtobewrittenbythelegendaryChineseEmperorFuHsi 伏羲 2953B C 2838B C TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN IChing ItispossiblethattheIChin

13、goriginatedfromaprehistoricdivinationtechniquewhichdatesbackasfaras5000B C FurthercommentarieswereaddedbyKingWenandtheDukeofChouinthe11thcenturyB C TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN SamuelJohnson Dr SamuelJohnson Paragraph8 1709 1784 Englishpoet essayist critic journalist lexicog

14、rapher conversationalist regardedasoneoftheoutstandingfiguresof18thcenturylifeandletters JohnsonbecameDoctorJohnsonwhenDublinUniversitygavehimthehonorarydegreein1765 TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN OrthodoxJews OrthodoxJews Paragraph9 OrthodoxJudaism 正统的犹太教 isthebranchofJudaism

15、thatisgovernedbyadherencetotheTorah 旧约 的首五卷 即摩西五经 asinterpretedintheTalmud 塔木德经 犹太古代法典 ItistheoldestformofJudaismpracticedbyJews OrthodoxJewsareJewswhobelieveinOrthodoxJudaism TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN Melanesian Melanesian Paragraph9 MelanesiaisadivisionofOceaniainthesou

16、thwestPacificOceancomprisingtheislandsnortheastofAustraliaandsouthoftheequator ItincludestheSolomonIslands NewHebrides NewCaledonia theBismarckArchipelago variousotherislandgroups andsometimesNewGuinea MelanesianisamemberofanyoftheindigenouspeoplesofMelanesia TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Str

17、ucture G R CN romanCatholic 1 RomanCatholic Paragraph11 TheRomanCatholicChurchseesitselfasinstitutedbyJesusChristforthesalvationofsouls Itaccomplishesthisgoalthroughteachingandthroughtheadministrationofsacraments includingbaptism theEucharist andtheforgivenessofsins throughwhichGodgrantsgracetothebe

18、liever TheteachingauthorityormagisteriumoftheChurchbasesitsteachingsonbothScriptureandapostolictradition TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN romanCatholic 2 Aswellasordainedsecularclergy theChurchencouragesmonasticism andhasmanyordersofmonks friarsandnunswholiveincelibacy anddevote

19、theirlivesentirelytoGod Otherreligiouspracticesincludefasting prayer penance pilgrimageandmeditation TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN BattleoftheBoyne 1 BattleoftheBoyne Paragraph11 NoyearinIrishhistoryisbetterknownthan1690 NoIrishbattleismorefamousthantheBattleoftheBoyne TheBoy

20、neisariverofeasternIrelandflowingabout113km 70miles totheIrishSea IntheBattleoftheBoyneonJuly1 1690 thearmiesofKingWilliamIII PrinceofOrange aDutch speakingProtestant defeatedtheforcesofJamesII aRomanCatholicwhohadlostthethroneofEnglandinthebloodless GloriousRevolution of1688 whofledtoFrance TextInt

21、roduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN BattleoftheBoyne 2 TheBattleoftheBoyneisrecalledeachJulyinthecelebrationsoftheOrangeOrder notonthefirstdaybuton theTwelfth forelevendayswerelostwiththechangefromtheJuliantotheGregoriancalendarin1752 TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN

22、Orangemen Orangemen Paragraph11 InNorthernIreland asolelyProtestantorganizationcalledtheOrangeOrderwasfoundedinCountyArmagh in1795 inoppositiontotheDefenders aCatholicsecretsociety ItwasarevivaloftheOrangeInstitutionfoundedin1688tosupportWilliamIIIofOrange whosevictoryovertheCatholicJamesIIattheBatt

23、leoftheBoynein1690hasbeencommemoratedannuallybyProtestantsinparadessince1796 OrangemanisamemberofoneoftheUlsterProtestantOrangesocietiesfoundedinNorthernIrelandin1795tomaintainthepoliticalandreligiousascendancyofProtestantism TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R CN gypsy gypsy Paragrap

24、h12 Amemberofaraceofpeople originallyfromAsia whotravelaroundandtraditionallyliveincaravans Manygypsygroupshavepreservedelementsoftheirtraditionalculture includinganitinerantexistence tribalorganization andtheRomanylanguage TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R authorbio 1 RobertsonDavi

25、es oneofCanada sforemostwritersofplays novels andsatire wasbornonAugust28 1913 inthesmallvillageofThamesville Ontario HewaseducatedatUpperCanadaCollege Queen sUniversity andearnedadegreeinliteraturefromOxford Afterafewyearsintheatricallife heshiftedintojournalism astheliteraryeditorofSaturdayNightma

26、gazine andlatertheeditorofthePeterboroughExaminer TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R authorbio 2 Duringthisperiod hebegantowriteplays andthennovels startingwithTempest Tostin1951 Hewrote10othernovels groupedintotrilogies aswellasmanyplays In1961 DavieswasappointedMasterofMasseyColleg

27、eattheUniversityofToronto thepostwhereheremaineduntilhisretirement HediedonDecember2 1995 attheageof82 TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure G R structureanalysis 1 TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure Part1 Para1 2 introductorypartwhichtellsofpeople sdifferentreactionstosuperstit

28、ionandtherampantsuperstitionamonglearnedpeople Part2 Para3 6 theauthordescribesandexplainsonebyonethefourmanifestationsofsuperstition Part3 Para7 8 therelationshipofsuperstitionandpsychology religionandscience G R structureanalysis 2 TextIntroduction CultureNotes Author Structure Part4 Para9 11 thep

29、ersistentpopularityofsuperstitionanditsreason Part5 Para12 concludingremarks DR p0 text AFEWKINDWORDSFORSUPERSTITIONRobertsonDavies AFewKindWordsforSuperstition originallyappearedinNewsweekmagazine November20 1978 Lookingcloselyatwhysomepeoplebelieveinmagicandchance Daviesdividessuperstitionintocate

30、goriesforthepurposeofanalyzingthiscomplextopic Thefourdivisionshepresentsarecertainlyfamiliartomostofus thoughfewofushavetakenthetimetolabelthem Intakingarationalapproachtowhatmanypeopleconsidertobeanirrationalsubject Daviesofferssomefascinatingobservationsabouthumannature DetailedReading DR p1 text

31、 1 Ingravediscussionsof therenaissanceoftheirrational inourtime superstitiondoesnotfigurelargelyasaseriouschallengetoreasonorscience Parapsychology UFOs miraclecures transcendentalmeditation andallthepathstoinstantenlightenmentarecondemned butsuperstitionismerelydeplored Isitbecauseithasanunacknowle

32、dgedholdonsomanyofus DetailedReading DR p2 text 2 Fewpeoplewilladmittobeingsuperstitious itimpliesna vet orignorance ButIliveinthemiddleofalargeuniversity andIseesuperstitioninitsfourmanifestations aliveandflourishingamongpeoplewhoareindisputablyrationalandlearned DetailedReading DR p3 text 3 Youdid

33、notknowthatsuperstitiontakesfourforms Theologiansassureusthatitdoes FirstiswhattheycallVainObservances suchasnotwalkingunderaladder andthatkindofthing YetIsawadeeplylearnedprofessorofanthropology whohadspilledsomesalt throwingapinchofitoverhisleftshoulder whenIaskedhimwhy hereplied withawink thatitw

34、as tohittheDevilintheeye IdidnotquestionhimfurtherabouthisbeliefintheDevil butInoticedthathedidnotsmileuntilIaskedhimwhathewasdoing DetailedReading DR p4 text 4 ThesecondformisDivination orconsultingoracles AnotherlearnedprofessorIknow whowouldscorntosettleaproblembytossingacoin whichisahumbleappeal

35、toFatetodeclareitself toldmequiteseriouslythathehasresolvedamatterrelatedtouniversityaffairsbyconsultingtheIChing Andwhynot TherearethousandsofpeopleonthiscontinentwhoappealtotheIChing andtheirgenerallevelofeducationseemstoabsolvethemofsuperstition Almost butnotquite TheIChing totheembarrassmentofra

36、tionalists oftengivesexcellentadvice DetailedReading DR p5 text 5 ThethirdformisIdolatry anduniversitiescanshowplentyofthat Ifyouhaveeversupervisedalargeexaminationroom youknowhowmanyjujus luckycoins andotherbringersofluckareplacedonthedesksofthecandidates Modestidolatry butwhatelsecanyoucallit Deta

37、iledReading DR p6 text 6 ThefourthformisImproperWorshipoftheTrueGod Awhileago Ilearnedthateveryday forseveraldays a 2bill inCanadawehave 2bills regardedbysomepeopleasunlucky hadbeentuckedunderacandlestickonthealtarofacollegechapel Investigationrevealedthatanengineeringstudent worriedaboutagirl thoug

38、htthatbriberyoftheDeitymighthelp WhenItalkedwithhim hedidnotthinkhewaspricingGodcheapbecausehecouldaffordnomore Areasonableargument butperhapsGodwasproudthatweek forthescientificoraclewentagainsthim DetailedReading DR p7 text 7 Superstitionseemstorun asubmergedriverofcrudereligion belowthesurfaceofh

39、umanconsciousness Ithasdonesoforaslongaswehaveanychronicleofhumanbehavior andalthoughIcannotproveit Idoubtifitismoreprevalenttodaythanithasalwaysbeen Superstition thetheologianstellus comesfromtheLatinsupersisto meaningtostandinterroroftheDeity Mostpeoplekeeptheirterrorwithinbounds buttheycannotroot

40、itout nordotheyseemtowanttodoso DetailedReading DR p8 text 8 Themoretheteachingofformalreligiondeclines ortakesasociologicalform thelessGodappearstogreatnumbersofpeopleasaGodofLove resuminghisolderformofawatchful minatorypower tobeplacatedandcajoled Superstitionmakesitsappearance apparentlyunbidden

41、veryearlyinlife whenchildrenfearthatsteppingoncracksinthesidewalkwillbringillfortune Itmaypersistevenamongthegreatlylearnedanddevout asinthecaseofDr SamuelJohnson whofeltitnecessarytotouchpoststhathepassedinthestreet Thepsychoanalystshavetheirexplanation butcallingasuperstitionacompulsionneurosisdoe

42、snotbanishit DetailedReading DR p9 text 9 Manysuperstitionsaresowidespreadandsooldthattheymusthaverisenfromadepthofthehumanmindthatisindifferenttoraceorcreed OrthodoxJewsplaceacharmontheirdoorposts sodo ordid theChinese SomepeoplesofMiddleEuropebelievethatwhenamansneezes hissoul forthatmoment isabse

43、ntfromhisbody andtheyhastentoblesshim lestthesoulbeseizedbytheDevil HowdidtheMelanesianscomebythesameidea Superstitionseemstohavealinkwithsomebodyofbeliefthatfarantedatesthereligionsweknow religionswhichhavenoplaceforsuchcomfortinglittleceremoniesandcharities DetailedReading DR p10 text 10 Peoplewho

44、likedisagreeablehistoricalceremoniesrecallthatwhenRomewasindecline superstitionproliferatedwildly andthatsomethingofthesamesortishappeninginourWesternworldtoday Theypointtothepopularityofastrology anditistruethatsobernewspapersthatwouldscorntodealinlovephilterscarryastrologycolumnsandthefashionmagaz

45、inescountthemamongtheirmostpopularfeatures Butwhenhasastrologynotbeenpopular Nousesayingsciencediscreditsit Whenhastheheartofmangivenadamnforscience DetailedReading DR p11 text 11 Superstitioningeneralislinkedtoman syearningtoknowhisfate andtohavesomehandindecidingit Whenmymotherwasachild sheinnocen

46、tlyjoinedherRomanCatholic11friendsinkillingspidersonJuly11 untilshelearnedthatthiswasdonetoensureheavyrainthedayfollowing theanniversaryoftheBattleoftheBoyne whentheOrangemenwouldholdtheirparade IknewanItalian agoodscientist whowatchedeverymorningbeforeleavinghishouse sothatthefirstpersonhemetwouldn

47、otbeapriestoranun asthiswouldcertainlybringbadluck DetailedReading DR p12 text 12 Iamnotonetostandalooffromtherestofhumanityinthismatter forwhenIwasauniversitystudent agypsy14womanwithachildinherarmsusedtoappeareveryyearatexaminationtime andaskashillingofanyonewhotouchedtheLuckyBaby thatswarthyinfan

48、tcostmefourshillingsaltogether andIneverfailedanexamination Ofcourse Ididitmerelyforthejoke orsoIthoughtthen Now Iamhumbler DetailedReading DR p1 2Analysis Paragraphs1 2AnalysisThetwoparagraphsmakeuptheintroductorypartwhichtellsofpeople sdifferentreactionstosuperstitionandtherampantsuperstitionamong

49、learnedpeople DetailedReading DR p3 6Analysis Paragraphs3 6AnalysisFromParagraph3toParagraph6theauthordescribesandexplainsonebyonethefourmanifestationsofsuperstition Whatisworthournoticeisthatalltheexamplesusedintheseparagraphsareaboutlearnedpeople eitherprofessorsorcollegestudents thusprovingthatsu

50、perstitionisnotapreserveoftheignorantandna v DetailedReading DR p7Analysis Paragraph7AnalysisAfterhedescribesthefourformsofsuperstition theauthorgoesontoexploreitshistoryanditsrelevancetohumanpsychology DetailedReading DR p8Analysis Paragraph8AnalysisThisparagraphtellsusthatsuperstitionhasaspellthat